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Focal neurologic signs also known as focal neurological deficits or focal CNS signs are impairments of nerve, spinal cord, or brain function that affects a specific region of the body, e.g. weakness in the left arm, the right leg, paresis, or plegia. Focal neurological deficits may be caused by a variety of medical conditions such as head trauma,〔Thiruppathy SP, Muthukumar N.Acta Mild head injury: revisited. Neurochir (Wien). 2004 Oct;146(10):1075-82; discussion 1082-3. PMID 15744844〕 tumors or stroke; or by various diseases such as meningitis or encephalitis or as a side effect of certain medications such as those used in anesthesia.〔Thal GD, Szabo MD, Lopez-Bresnahan M, Crosby G. Exacerbation or unmasking of focal neurologic deficits by sedatives. Anesthesiology. 1996 Jul;85(1):21-5; discussion 29A-30A. PMID 8694368〕 ==Frontal lobe signs== Frontal lobe signs usually involve the motor system, and may include many special types of deficit, depending on which part of the frontal lobe is affected: * unsteady gait (unsteadiness in walking) * muscular rigidity, resistance to passive movements of the limbs (hypertonia) * paralysis of a limb (monoparesis) or a larger area on one side of the body (hemiparesis) * paralysis head and eye movements * inability to express oneself linguistically, described as an expressive aphasia (Broca's aphasia) * focal seizures which can spread to adjacent areas (Jacksonian seizure) * grand mal or tonic-clonic seizures * changes in personality such as disinhibition, inappropriate jocularity, rage without provocation; or loss of initiative and concern, apathy, akinetic mutism, general retardation * "frontal release" signs, i.e. reappearance of primitive reflexes such as the snout reflex, the grasp reflex, and the palmar-mental reflex * unilateral loss of smell (anosmia) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Focal neurologic signs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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